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The earthen ground could be a cloth means to the top of not falling but it isn't a know-how in the identical way as a designed platform. That offers us technology as a ‘designed, materials means to an end’. To assist us, we'd bear in mind the necessity that historians fastidiously distinguish between the ideas utilized by historic actors and the analytical concepts deployed by historians. Schatzberg has given us a detailed and fair account of the ideas akin to ‘technology’ as they have been used by historical actors in Europe and America over two millennia. Inevitably the label to cowl these usages is broad and spans the spectrum of both instrumentalist and cultural approaches. It is difficult to consider a practice which does not sooner or later contain materiality both in creation or use. Is there really nothing we will add to sharpen the which means of apply so that it captures one thing particularly technological? Finally, while determinists are sometimes instrumentalis